Health Reference

@prefix : <> . # TODO
@prefix dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix label: <http://purl.org/net/vocab/2004/03/label#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix td: <http://example.org/ns/todo#> .


####
# Treatment Alternatives and Adverse Effects
# version: 0.0.1
# license: CC-BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>
# objective:
#   create a metadata overlay for / derived from / in addition to
#   * Wikipedia (CC-By-SA)
#   * US NIH MedlinePlus (All Rights Reserved)

<>
  a schema:Dataset ;
  schema:name "TODO Treatment Alternatives and Adverse Effects"@en ;
  schema:description "Treatment alternatives, symptoms, and adverse effects"@en ;
  schema:dateCreated "2014-01-28" ;
  schema:inLanguage "en" ;
  .

#
# There are many reputable sources for medical information.
# If Wikipedia is wrong, qualified individuals can correct it.
# If you have a preferred source of free medical information,
# feel free to add links to additional adequate information.
# In the United States, is illegal to share patients' medical information
# without their consent.

## WARNING NOTE:
#
# Contraindication listings here are not comprehensive.
# Read primary sources for complete information on contraindications.
#
# This is not medical advice.
#
# Read the label / instruction booklet / webpage for:
#
# * Precautions / Contraindications
# * Adverse Effects / Side Effects
# * Overdose Symptoms
#

# NOTE:
# As this ontology uses dbpedia resources as rdf:Class es,
# it may not validate as-is:
#   predicate-object pairs like (a dbp:Therapy) are not
#   technically valid in RDFS or OWL semantics
# This is a valid RDF document in Turtle syntax.

### td: a local 'TODO' schema:
td:DrugGroup a rdfs:Class;
  rdfs:label "Drug Group"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Grouping of drugs"@en ;
  rdfs:subClassOf schema:Thing ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:drugGroup a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Drug Group"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "DrugGroup membership predicate"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:adverseEffectsLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Adverse Effects link"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "URL listing reported adverse effects"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:contraindicationsLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Contraindications link"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "URL listing reported adverse effects"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:AtcLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "ATC link"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "ATC wikipedia URL"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:medlineLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Medline link"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Link to a related Medline Article"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedby <> ;
  .
td:wikipediaLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Wikipedia link"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Link to a related Wikipedia Article"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .


td:effect a rdf:Property ; # TODO: reify
  rdfs:label "Effect"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Intended effect"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:sideEffect a rdf:Property ; # TODO: reify
  rdfs:label "Effect"@en ;
# In the United States, is illegal to share patients' medical information
# without their consent.
  rdfs:comment "Side effect / adverse effect (unpleasant effect)"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:contraindication a rdf:Property ; # TODO: reify
  rdfs:label "Contraindication"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "A contraindication"@en ;
  schema:description "A contraindication is a reason for avoiding a treatment (drug interactions, existing conditions, pregnancy)"@en ;
  rdfs:idDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:symptomsLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Symptoms"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Link to a page containing symptoms"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .
td:causedByLink a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "Caused By"@en ;
  rdfs:comment "Link to a known cause"@en ;
  rdfs:isDefinedBy <> ;
  .

## labels

rdf:type a rdf:Property ;
  rdfs:label "a"@en ;
  .
rdfs:label
  rdfs:label "Label"@en ;
  .
schema:alternateName
  rdfs:label "Alternate Name"@en ;
  .
owl:sameAs
  rdfs:label "Same As"@en ;
  .


### Treatments

## analgesics
dbp:Analgesic
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Analgesic"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Pain Killer"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N02 ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic> ;
  .

dbp:Antipyretic
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Antipyretic"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Fever Reducer"@en ;
  #td:AtcLink dbp: ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipyretic> ;
  .

dbp:Anti-inflammatory
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Anti-inflammatory"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_M01 ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-inflammatory> ;
  .


dbp:NSAID
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug"@en ;
  owl:sameAs dbp:Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antipyretic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anti-inflammatory ;
  td:contraindication "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSAID> ;
  .

dbp:Acetaminophen
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Acetaminophen"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Tylenol"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "APAP"@en ;
  owl:sameAs dbp:Paracetamol ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol_toxicity> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html#precautions> ;
  td:contraindication "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen> ;
  .

dbp:Aspirin
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Aspirin"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin_poisoning> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html#precautions> ;
  td:contraindication "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682878.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin> ;
  .

dbp:Ibuprofen
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Ibuprofen"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Advil"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Motrin"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antipyretic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anti-inflammatory ;
  td:effect dbp:Vasodilation ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682159.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682159.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682159.html#precautions> ;
  td:contraindication "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682159.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen> ;
  .

dbp:Naproxen
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Naproxen"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Aleve"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antipyretic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anti-inflammatory ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleve#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681029.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681029.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681029.html#precautions> ;
  td:contraindication "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681029.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naproxen> ;
  .

dbp:Opioid
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Opioid"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  schema:alternateName "Codeine"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Hydrocodone"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Morphine"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Oxycodon (Oxycontin)"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Methadone"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:contraindication "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:contraindication "Antihistamines"@en ;
  td:contraindication "Antipsychotics"@en ;
  td:contraindication "Antianxiety"@en ;
  td:contraindication "CNS Depressants"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid> ;
  .


## psycholeptic
dbp:Psycholeptic
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Psycholeptic"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N05 ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/mental-health-medications/index.shtml> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholeptic> ;
  .


## anxiolytic
dbp:Anxiolytic
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Psycholeptic ;
  rdfs:label "Anxiolytic"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Anti-anxiety"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N05B ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiolytic> ;
  .


dbp:Ethanol
  a dbp:Therapy ; ###
  rdfs:label "Ethanol"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Alcohol"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antifungal ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_D01 ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_J02 ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antiseptic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Disinfectant ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_D08 ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Hypnotic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Sedative ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N05C ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antidote ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_V03AB ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Neurotoxin ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Adenosinergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Adrenergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Dopaminergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Glutamatergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Opioid ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Serotenergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Neruomodulator ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:GABAergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anxiolytic ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol#Drug_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_abuse> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dependence> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_syndrome> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol> ;
  .

dbp:Benzodiazepine
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Benzodiazepine"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Benzo"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anticonvulsant ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N03 ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anxiolytic ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N05B ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Euphoriant;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Hypnotic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Sedative ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N05C ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_benzodiazepines> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_overdose> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine> ;
  .


## antidepressants
dbp:Antidepressant
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Antidepressant"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N06 ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/antidepressants.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant> ;
  .

dbp:SSRI
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antidepressant ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anxiolytic ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N06A ;
  schema:alternateName "Zoloft"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Prozac"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Paxil"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSRI#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-SSRI_sexual_dysfunction#Sexual_dysfunction> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSRI> ;
  .


dbp:MAOI
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antidepressant ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N06A ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anxiolytic ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N05B ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antiparkinson ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N04 ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Sympatholytic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antihypertensive ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_C02 ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAOI#Dangers> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAOI#Dangers> ;
  td:contraindication "SSRIs"@en ;
  td:contraindication "MDMA"@en ;
  td:contraindication "Dextrothromorphan"@en ;
  td:contraindication "St. John's Wort"@en ;
  td:contraindication "Tramadol"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAOI> ;
  .

dbp:Tobacco
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  a dbp:Carcinogen ;
  rdfs:label "Tobacco"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:MAOI ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Stimulant ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco> ;

  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco> ;
  .

dbp:SNRI
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Selective Neurotonin Reuptake Inhibitor"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Adrenergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Serotenergic ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antidepressant ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N06A ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Analgesic ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N02A ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N02B ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anti-obesity_drug ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Anorectic ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_A08 ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNRI#Side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNRI#Overdose> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSRI#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNRI> ;
  .


## antiepiletics
dbp:Anticonvulsant
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  owl:sameAs dbp:Antiepileptic ;
  rdfs:label "Antiepileptic"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Anti-seizure"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_N03 ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiepileptic> ;
  .


## antibiotics
dbp:Antibiotics
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Antibiotic"@en ;
  td:AtcLink dbp:ATC_code_J01 ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics#Side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics#Resistance> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics> ;
  .

dbp:Azithromycin
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Azithromycin"@en ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antibiotics ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697037.html> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin> ;
  .

dbp:Gentamicin
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Gentamicin"@en ; 
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antibiotics ;
  schema:alternateName "Gentamycin"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin#Side_effects> ;
  # Ophthalmic
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682669.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin> ;
  .

### Symptoms and Adverse Effects

dbp:Peptic_ulcer
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  rdfs:label "Peptic ulcer"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pepticulcer.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer> ;
  .

dbp:Serotonin_syndrome
  a td:Adverse_effect ;
  rdfs:label "Serotonin Syndrome"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007272.htm> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome> ;
  .

dbp:Anhedonia
  a td:Adverse_effect ;
  a td:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Anhedonia"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhedonia> ;
  .

dbp:Sexual_anhedonia
  a td:Adverse_effect ;
  a td:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Sexual Anhedonia"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_anhedonia> ;
  .


## glaucoma / ocular hypertension
dbp:Glaucoma
  a dbp:Disease ;
  rdfs:label "Glaucoma"@en ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Nausea ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Headache ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Vomiting ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Ocular_hypertension ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Blindness ; # 2nd leading cause of Blindness worldwide
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/glaucoma.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma> ;
  .

dbp:Ocular_hypertension
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Ocular Hypertension"@en ;
  td:mayIndicate dbp:Glaucoma ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Headache ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Vomiting ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_hypertension> ;
  .

dbp:Headache
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Headache"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/headache.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headache> ;
  .

dbp:Migraine
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Migraine"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/migraine.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine> ;
  .

dbp:Nausea
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Nausea"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/nauseaandvomiting.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausea> ;
  .

dbp:Vomiting
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Vomiting"@en ;
  owl:sameAs dbp:Emesis ;
  schema:alternateName "Emetic response"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/nauseaandvomiting.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomiting> ;
  .


dbp:Blindness
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  rdfs:label "Blindness"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/visionimpairmentandblindness.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness> ;
  .


## epilepsy
dbp:Epilepsy
  a dbp:Disease ;
  rdfs:label "Epilepsy"@en ;
  td:hasSymptom dbp:Seizure ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/epilepsy.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy> ;
  .

dbp:Seizure
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  rdfs:label "Seizure"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seizure> ;
  .


## cancer
dbp:Cancer
  a dbp:Disease ;
  rdfs:label "Cancer"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cancer.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer> ;
  .

## also (TODO)

dbp:Vasodilation
  a td:Cardiovascular_Response ; # TODO
  rdfs:label "Vasodilation"@en ;
  rdfs:description "Widening (dilation) of blood vessels"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation> ;
  # ethanol (alcohol)
  # [...]
  # relieves Intraocular hypertension
  .


dbp:Vasoconstriction
  a td:Cardiovascular_Response ; # TODO
  rdfs:label "Vasoconstriction"@en ;
  rdfs:description "Narrowing (contraction) of blood vessels"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstriction> ;
  # antihistamines
  # decongestants
  # stimulants
  #  caffeine
  #  nicotine
  # increases intraocular hypertension
  .

## antihistamine

dbp:Antihistamine
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Antihistamine"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Histamine Antagonist"@en ;
  owl:sameAs dbp:Histamine_antagonist ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_antagonist> ;
  .

dbp:Diphenhydramine
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antihistamine ;
  rdfs:label "Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenhydramine#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682539.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682539.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682539.html#precautions> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682539.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenhydramine> ;
  .

dbp:Fexofenadine
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antihistamine ;
  rdfs:label "Fexofenadine (Allegra)"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fexofenadine#Side_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fexofenadine#Overdose> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697035.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697035.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697035.html#precautions> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697035.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fexofenadine> ;
  .

dbp:Loratadine
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Antihistamine ;
  rdfs:label "Loratadine (Claritin)"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loratadine#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697038.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697038.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697038.html#precautions> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a697038.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loratadine> ;
  .

## decongestants
dbp:Decongestant
  a td:DrugGroup ;
  rdfs:label "Decongestant"@en ;
  td:effect dbp:Vasoconstriction ;
  td:effect "Reduced inflammation"@en ;
  .

dbp:Ephedrine
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Decongestant ;
  rdfs:label "Ephedrine"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephedrine#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephedrine#Contraindications> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephedrine> ;
  .

dbp:Pseudoephedrine
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  td:drugGroup dbp:Decongestant ;
  rdfs:label "Pseudoephedrine (-D)"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Sudafed"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Allegra D"@en ;
  # http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601053.html
  schema:alternateName "Claritin D"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Zyrtec D"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682619.html#side-effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682619.html#overdose> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine#Precautions_and_contraindications> ;
  td:contraindicationsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682619.html#precautions> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682619.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoephedrine#Precautions_and_contraindications> ;
  .


dbp:Tetrahydrozoline
  a dbp:Therapy ;
  rdfs:label "Tetrahydrozoline"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Visine"@en ;
  td:effect dbp:Vasoconstriction ;
  td:contraindication dbp:Glaucoma ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visine#Adverse_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visine#Visine_prank_myth> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002590.htm> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682563.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrozoline_hydrochloride> ;
  .

#

dbp:Allergy
  a dbp:Immune_response ; # TODO
  rdfs:label "Allergy"@en ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/allergy.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_allergies> ;
  .

dbp:Allergen
  a dbp:Antigen ;
  rdfs:label "Allergen"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergen> ;
  .

dbp:Allergic_rhinitis
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  rdfs:label "Allergic Rhinitis"@en ;
  td:symptom "Sneezing"@en ;
  td:symptom "Itching"@en ;
  td:symptom "Watery eyes"@en ;
  td:symptom "Swelling and inflammation of nasal passages"@en ;
  td:symptom "Increased mucous production"@en;
  td:symptom "Runny nose"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis> ;
  .

dbp:Food_allergy
  a dbp:Allergy ;
  rdfs:label "Food Allergy"@en ;
  td:symptomsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy#Signs_and_symptoms> ;
  td:causedByLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy#Possible_causes> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/foodallergy.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy> ;
  .

dbp:Anaphylaxis
  a dbp:Adverse_effect ;
  a dbp:Symptom ;
  a dbp:Allergic_response ;
  rdfs:label "Anaphylaxis"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Allergic Reaction"@en ;
  td:symptomsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy#Signs_and_symptoms> ;
  td:causedByLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy#Cause> ;
  td:causedByLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis> ;
  .

dbp:Peanut
  a dbp:Food ;
  rdfs:label "Peanut"@en ;
  td:adverseEffect dbp:Anaphylaxis ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut#Health_concerns> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_allergy> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut> ;
  .

dbp:Cat
  a dbp:Animal ;
  rdfs:label "Cat"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "House Cat"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Feline"@en ;
  td:adverseEffect dbp:Anaphylaxis ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy_to_cats> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat> ;
  .

dbp:Allergy_to_cats
  a dbp:Allergic_reaction ;
  rdfs:label "Allergy to Cats"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Cat Allergy"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy_to_cats> ;
  .

dbp:Toxoplasmosis
  a dbp:Disease ;
  a dbp:Parasitic_disease ;
  rdfs:label "Toxoplasmosis"@en ;
  td:symptomsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis#Signs_and_symptoms> ;
  td:medlineLink <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toxoplasmosis.html> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis> ;
  .

##
dbp:Pesticide
  a dbp:Biocide ;
  a dbp:Poison ;
  rdfs:label "Pesticide"@en ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide#Health_effects> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_pesticides> ;
  td:adverseEffectsLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_poisoning> ;
  # td:adverseEnvironmentalEffectsLink
  # <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_pesticides>
  # ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide#Classified_by_type_of_pest> ;
  .


#
dbp:Carcinogen
  a dbp:Substance ;
  rdfs:label "Carcinogen"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Cause of Cancer"@en ;
  td:adverseEffect dbp:Cancer ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen> ;

  # carcinogenic
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_1_carcinogens> ;
  # probably carcinogenic
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2A_carcinogens> ;
  # possibly carcinogenic
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2B_carcinogens> ;
  .

dbp:International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer
  a dbp:Agency ;
  rdfs:label "International Agency for Research on Cancer"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "IARC"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer> ;
  .

td:IARC_Group_1
  a td:Group ;
  rdfs:label "IARC Group 1" ;
  schema:description "Carcinogenic to humans"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_1_carcinogens> ;
  .

dbp:Mineral_oil
  a dbp:Carcinogen ;
  td:inGroup td:IARC_Group_1 ;
  rdfs:label "Mineral Oil"@en ;
  td:commonlyFoundIn "Cosmetics"@en ;
  td:commonlyFoundIn "Lotions"@en ;
  td:commonlyFoundIn "Paints"@en ;
  .

dbp:Diesel_exhaust
  a dbp:Carcinogen ;
  td:inGroup td:IARC_Group_1 ;
  rdfs:label "Diesel Exhaust"@en ;
  .

dbp:Tobacco_smoke
  a dbp:Carcinogen ;
  td:inGroup td:IARC_Group_1 ;
  rdfs:label "Tobacco Smoke"@en ;
  .


td:IARC_Group_2A
  a td:Group ;
  rdfs:label "IARC Group 2A" ;
  schema:description "Probably carcinogenic to humans"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2A_carcinogens> ;
  .


td:IARC_Group_2B
  a td:Group ;
  rdfs:label "IARC Group 2B" ;
  schema:description "Possibly carcinogenic to humans"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2B_carcinogens> ;
  .


###
dbp:Teratogen
  a dbp:Substance ;
  rdfs:label "Teratogen"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Cause of Birth Defects"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Cause of Congenital Disorders"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratogen> ;
  .

dbp:Congenital_disorder
  a dbp:Disorder ;
  rdfs:label "Congenital disorder"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Disorder existing at birth"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_disorder#Causes> ;
  .

dbp:Developmental_toxicity
  a dbp:Study ;
  rdfs:label "Developmental toxicity"@en ;
  schema:alternateName "Drugs in pregnancy"@en ;
  td:studyQuestion "Which drugs are safe for pregnant mice and rats?"@en ;
  td:studyQuestion "Which drugs are safe for pregnant women?"@en ;
  td:studyQuestion "Which environmental toxins are safe for pregnant women?"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_toxicity> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_in_pregnancy> ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxins_and_fetal_development> ;
  .

dbp:Toxin
  a dbp:Substance ;
  a dbp:Poison ;
  rdfs:label "Toxin"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin> ;
  .

dbp:Air_pollution
  a dbp:Environmental_toxin ;
  rdfs:label "Air pollution"@en ;
  td:wikipediaLink <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution> ;
  .