Glossary¶
Sequence Development¶
- sequencing
developing paths of edges between node resources.
Often augmented with authoring tools
- naming
- assigning unique identifiers to concepts, objects, and categories
- namespacing
TODO
# Dots: path.to.resource # Slashes: path/to/resource # Hahes: #url_fragment``
- tagging
adding attribute edges between resources and tag strings, which can be namespaced URLs. Tags can denote categories
Example in JSON
{ "url": "http://example.com/ns/products/XYZ_123", "title": "XYZ_123", "tags": ["Widgets", "XYZ_Widgets"] }
Often augmented with annotation tools
- linking
Adding edges between nodes of resources
Often augmented with authoring tools
software development
Bundling required resources and components
- optimizing
- finding optima for making decisions that better achieve objectives
- publishing
- sharing document and Linked Data resources in order to benefit from collaborative feedback
- interfacing
- requesting and sharing resources
Graphs¶
- Graph
- A network of vertices and edges. May have a name
- Category
- TODO
- Schema
A set of categories and attributes
Examples:
- XSD
- RDF
- Markup Languages
- Vertex
- A node in a graph
- Edge
- A connection between vertices. Also called a link.
- Path
- A sequence of edges between vertices of a graph
- Feedback
- TODO
Web Standards¶
- Resource
TODO. An object with content, a URL, and metadata
Examples:
- WWW
- World Wide Web. Graph of HTML Document and Resource Vertices with URL Edges shared over HTTP
- Web
- See: WWW
- W3C
- World Wide Web Consortium. The main international standards organization for the WWW.
- Web Standard
- TODO. Standard defined by a standards-making body such as W3C
- SGML
- Standard Generalized Markup Language
- Portable Document Format
- URL
- Uniform Resource Locator
- URI
- Uniform Resource Indicator
- HTTP
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Standard request /response protocol for the web.
- HTTP Request
HTTP Request with a type, headers, and a body
Types:
- GET
- POST
- PUT
- DELETE
Example:
GET /ns/products/XYZ_123 HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: browsername Host: example.org Accept: application/json
- HTTP Response
HTTP Response with a response code, headers, and a body
Example Response Codes:
- 200: OK
- 404: Not Found
- 500: Server Error
Example Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: servername Content-Type: application/json Content-Length: 172 Connection: keep-alive {"title":"Document Title", "author": ... }
TODO:cite
- HTML
Hyptertext Markup Language.
Derived from SGML
Often served over HTTP
Example
TODO: doctype <html> <head> <title>Document Title</title> <meta author="Document Author"/> </head> <body> <h1>Document Title</h1> <p>... Document Content ...</p> </body> </html>
- XML
Extensible Markup Language. Derived from SGML and HTML
Example
TODO: XMLNS <object> <dc:title>Document Title</dc:title> <dc:author>Document Author>/dc:author> <content>... Document Content ...</content> <year>2012</year> </object>
- XHTML
- XML-compliant HTTP
- Namespace
A URL for a set of resources within a schema.
Examples in Turtle syntax
@prefix rdfs: http://TODO/TODO/TODO @prefix ex: http://example.org/ns/example/ @prefix products: http://example.com/ns/products/
Examples in XHTML syntax:
TODO
- JSON
JavaScript Object Notation.
Example
[ { 'dc:title': 'Document Title', 'dc:author': 'Document Author', 'content': '... Document Content ...', 'year': 2012}, {'dc:title':'Document N','content':'Hello World', 'year':2012} ]
- Web Hooks
- HTTP Push Notifications
Linked Data Science¶
- Data Science
- TODO
- Metadata
Data about data: attributes and edges
Examples:
dc:title
– Dublin Core Title Attributedc:author
– Dublin Core Author Attributelast_modified
- Key
A hashable identifier for a record value.
Example:
key = http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123
- Value
A value stored with a key
Example
database = { 'http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123': # KEY { 'type':'ex:Widget', # VALUE 'rdfs:label': "Product XYZ_123" 'ex:linksWith': [ ex:XYZ_Widgets ], }, } database.get('http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123') database['http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123']
- Entity Attribute Value
A flexible data storage pattern.
- Triple
Data-model of RDF
- Subject
- URL Subject of a triple. Also: Key and Entity
- Predicate
- URL predicate of a triple. Also: Key
- Object
- Object or value of a triple.
- Attribute
A factual assertion about a Resource.
A predicate and an object about a subject
Example with Triples in Turtle syntax:
@prefix rdfs: http://TODO/TODO/TODO @prefix ex: http://example.org/ns/example/ @prefix products: http://example.com/ns/products/ products:XYZ_123 a ex:Widget ; ex:linksWith ex:XYZ_Widgets ; rdfs:label "Product XYZ_123" ; .
- Ontology
- A structured set of Attributes and edges between concepts in a named graph
- RDF
- Resource Description Framework. W3C triples metadata data-model. Often expressed as XML
- Turtle
- Lightweight syntax for expressing RDF triples (.ttl, .n3 )
- TriG
- Syntax extension for expressing named graphs in turtle
- Microdata
- TODO. Markup syntax for expressing structured data.
- FOAF
- Friend of a Friend RDF ontology
- DOAP
- Description of a Project RDF ontology
- OEMBED
- Authoring feature for automatically identifying and linking to resource URLs on sites that support microdata metadata
- Linked Data
- Data resources linked through the WWW using structured attributes of various ontologies
- Linked Open Data
Linked Data shared as Data sets with Open License terms
Examples:
TODO:Cite LODCloud
Education¶
- STEM
- Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
- Curriculum
- A course or courses of study required for meeting objectives
- Theory
- TODO
- Process
- TODO
- Knowledge
- TODO
- Wisdom
- TODO
Learning¶
- Online Learning
- Learning delivered over web channels
- Learning Object
“Any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education, or training” –IEEE 1484.12-1-2002
A learning resource.
- Learning Activity
- TODO
- Learning Assessment
- Documenting educational progress
- LMS
Learning Management System. An application for creating and delivering courses and training. “Limbs”
Examples:
- LCMS
- Learning Content Management System. Authoring and publishing workflows to support content for a Learning Management System
- ADL
- Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative
- SCORM
- Sharable Content Object Reference Model. Based on XML
- CLCIMS
- Computer Learning Content Information Management System: SCORM-compliant.
- TinCan
TinCAN API
“Next Generation SCORM“
Web Hooks for learning activity metrics
- LRS
Learning Record Store. A repository for TinCan learning activity records.
- OpenCourseWare
- TODO
- MOOC
Massive Open Online Course. Large scale distance learning course offered at scale through the WWW
Examples:
- Coursera
- EdX
- Scalability
- TODO
Tools¶
- Browser
An application for retrieving, presenting and traversing web resources like HTML Documents over HTTP.
Responsible for processing JavaScript.
- Web Server
Software for handling HTTP requests over the web
Often placed in front of a Web Application Server
- Web Application Server
Software service for hosting web applications that serve resources over HTTP APIs as content types like
text/html
,application/json
,text/xml
. TODOInterface Standards:
- WSGI
- OSGI
- Service
Business Service
TODO
Information Systems
A locally or remotely hosted application for solving part of a process.
API
An API web service.
- API
TODO Programming Interface.
An application that responds to a standard set of requests and returns a standard set of responses
Elements:
- Authentication Keys
- Authorization
- Error Codes
- Resource Schema
- Web Service Definitions
- Repository
- A version-controlled folder of file resources
- Version Control System
System for storing changesets to a Repository Also Revision Control System (RCS)
Examples:
- DVCS
Distributed Version Control System.
Advantages:
- Branching
- Tagging
- Offline
Examples:
- Git
-
- TODO http://github.com/mirror/kernel
- TODO http://
- Mercurial
Version Control System written in Python
- Version Control Service
Hosted Version Control System for storing Repositories
Examples:
- Scripting Language
Third generation programming language.
Examples:
- JavaScript (.js)
- Python (.py)
- Ruby (.rb)
- Perl (.pl)
- JavaScript
- A scripting language which can be interpreted client-side in a Browser locally as a script or server-side in a Web Application Server. (.js)
- Python
- A scripting language which is compiled and/or interpreted locally as a script or server-side in an Web Application Server
Research Tools¶
Authoring Tools¶
Examples:
- Document
TODO. A resource vertex in a resource graph containing textual content often stored in a structured markup language.
Examples:
- Markup Language
Textual Markup Language for expressing documents with content and presentation.
Examples:
- Text Editor
Examples:
- vim
- emacs
- gedit
- notepad
- notepad++
- ReStructuredText
A lightweight Markup Language. Also: ReST and RST. (.rst)
Example:
.. header:: Document Header .. meta:: :description lang=en: Document Description :author: Document Author .. contents:: Table of Contents :depth: 1 Intro ====== .. note: This is a `note directive <note_directive>`_ .. _note_directive: http://docutils.sf.net/ Background ----------- .. Document Content ... Glossary ========= .. glossary:: ReStructuredText A lightweight :term:`Markup Language`
- LaTeX
Plaintext typesetting Markup Language
Example:
TODO
- BibTeX
Language and system for managing Bibliographic References in LaTeX syntax
@techreport{this, author = "Wesley {Turner}", title = "Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources", institution = "WRD", year = 2012, address = "Omaha, NE, USA", }
- Portable Document Format
- rst2pdf
ReStructuredText PDF publisher.
Output formats:
- Sphinx
RestructuredText documentation publisher.
Output Formats:
Examples:
TODO:cite
Review Tools¶
UI/UX Design¶
- Interface
- TODO
- UI
- User Interface
- UX
- User Experience
Cloud¶
- Cloud
- TODO
- Grid
- TODO
- Stack
- TODO
- Distributed Computing
- TODO
Collaboration Engineering¶
- Collaboration
- working together to create, share, and improve resources
- Collaboration Engineering
- TODO
- Six Patterns of Collaboration
- Generate: Fewer to more concepts
- Reduce: Many concepts -> focus
- Clarify: Less -> More Shared Understanding
- Organize:
- Evaluate: Less -> More Value Understanding
- Build Consensus: Less -> More Willingness to Commit
TODO:Cite
- Generate
Fewer to more concepts.
- Reduce
Many concepts -> focus
- Clarify
Less -> More Shared Understanding
- Organize
TODO
- Evaluate
Less -> More Value Understanding
- Build Consensus
Less -> More Willingness to Commit
- Seven Layer Model
- Goal
- TODO
- Product
- TODO
- Activity
- TODO See Learning Activity
- Pattern
- TODO
- Technique
- TODO
- Tool
- TODO
- Script
- TODO
- Comparison Scheme for Collaborative Technology
- Core Functionality
- TODO
- Access Controls
- TODO
- Alerts/Interrupts
- TODO
- Content
- TODO
- Actions
TODO
See also: activities
- Synchronicity
- TODO
- Identifiability
- TODO
- Relationships
- TODO
- Persistence
- TODO
- Creative Process
- Problem Identification
- TODO
- Information Search
- TODO
- Idea/Solution Generation
- TODO
- Idea/Solution Evaluation and Selection
- TODO
- Implementation Planning
- TODO
- Goal Attainment Paradigm
- Understand Problem
- Develop alternate solutions
- Evaluate solutions
- Make choices
- Make plans
- Take action
- Review
- Six Sigma
- TODO
- DMAIC
Six Sigma process
- Define
- Measure
- Analyze
- Implement
- Control
- Define
- TODO
- Measure
- TODO
- Analyze
- TODO
- Implement
- TODO
- Control
- TODO
- Feature Matrix
TODO
Feature: Label Description Value Choice: Label Description {Version} Choice-Feature: Feature Choice -- Score Reason Reference URIs Cost Cost URIs Display Algorithm: for f in sorted(features): print(feature) for c in sorted(choices): print(choice_features((feature,choice)))
Note
Categorically enumerated heat map/contour plot with combinatorially optimized feature islands
Note
max-flow algorithms
TODO:cite