Glossary

Note

The terms listed in this glossary are listed in the Index.

Sequence Development

sequencing

developing paths of edges between node resources.

Often augmented with authoring tools

authoring

Creating and synthesizing sequences of resources like:

naming
assigning unique identifiers to concepts, objects, and categories
namespacing

TODO

# Dots:     path.to.resource
# Slashes:  path/to/resource
# Hahes:                    #url_fragment``
tagging

adding attribute edges between resources and tag strings, which can be namespaced URLs. Tags can denote categories

Example in JSON

{
   "url": "http://example.com/ns/products/XYZ_123",
   "title": "XYZ_123",
   "tags": ["Widgets", "XYZ_Widgets"]
}

Often augmented with annotation tools

linking

Adding edges between nodes of resources

Often augmented with authoring tools

software development

Bundling required resources and components

optimizing
finding optima for making decisions that better achieve objectives
publishing
sharing document and Linked Data resources in order to benefit from collaborative feedback
interfacing
requesting and sharing resources

Graphs

Graph
A network of vertices and edges. May have a name
Category
TODO
Schema

A set of categories and attributes

Examples:

Vertex
A node in a graph
Edge
A connection between vertices. Also called a link.
Path
A sequence of edges between vertices of a graph
Feedback
TODO

Web Standards

Resource

TODO. An object with content, a URL, and metadata

Examples:

WWW
World Wide Web. Graph of HTML Document and Resource Vertices with URL Edges shared over HTTP
Web
See: WWW
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium. The main international standards organization for the WWW.
Web Standard
TODO. Standard defined by a standards-making body such as W3C
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language
PDF
Portable Document Format
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
URI
Uniform Resource Indicator
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Standard request /response protocol for the web.
HTTP Request

HTTP Request with a type, headers, and a body

Types:

  • GET
  • POST
  • PUT
  • DELETE

Example:

GET /ns/products/XYZ_123 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: browsername
Host: example.org
Accept: application/json
HTTP Response

HTTP Response with a response code, headers, and a body

Example Response Codes:

  • 200: OK
  • 404: Not Found
  • 500: Server Error

Example Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: servername
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 172
Connection: keep-alive

{"title":"Document Title", "author": ... }

TODO:cite

HTML

Hyptertext Markup Language.

Derived from SGML

Often served over HTTP

Example

TODO: doctype
<html>
   <head>
      <title>Document Title</title>
      <meta author="Document Author"/>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h1>Document Title</h1>
      <p>... Document Content ...</p>
   </body>
</html>
XML

Extensible Markup Language. Derived from SGML and HTML

Example

TODO: XMLNS
<object>
   <dc:title>Document Title</dc:title>
   <dc:author>Document Author>/dc:author>
   <content>... Document Content ...</content>
   <year>2012</year>
</object>
XHTML
XML-compliant HTTP
Namespace

A URL for a set of resources within a schema.

Examples in Turtle syntax

@prefix rdfs: http://TODO/TODO/TODO
@prefix ex: http://example.org/ns/example/
@prefix products: http://example.com/ns/products/

Examples in XHTML syntax:

TODO
JSON

JavaScript Object Notation.

Example

[
 { 'dc:title':    'Document Title',
   'dc:author':   'Document Author',
   'content':     '... Document Content ...',
   'year':        2012},
 {'dc:title':'Document N','content':'Hello World', 'year':2012}
]
Web Hooks
HTTP Push Notifications

Linked Data Science

Data Science
TODO
Metadata

Data about data: attributes and edges

Examples:

  • dc:title – Dublin Core Title Attribute
  • dc:author – Dublin Core Author Attribute
  • last_modified
Key

A hashable identifier for a record value.

Example:

key = http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123
Value

A value stored with a key

Example

database = {
   'http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123':   # KEY
      {
      'type':'ex:Widget',                       # VALUE
      'rdfs:label':  "Product XYZ_123"
      'ex:linksWith': [ ex:XYZ_Widgets ],
      },
}
database.get('http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123')
database['http://example.org/ns/products/XYZ_123']
Entity Attribute Value

A flexible data storage pattern.

<entity> <attribute> <value>

Triple

Data-model of RDF

<subject> <predicate> <object>

Subject
URL Subject of a triple. Also: Key and Entity
Predicate
URL predicate of a triple. Also: Key
Object
Object or value of a triple.
Attribute

A factual assertion about a Resource.

A predicate and an object about a subject

Example with Triples in Turtle syntax:

@prefix rdfs: http://TODO/TODO/TODO
@prefix ex: http://example.org/ns/example/
@prefix products: http://example.com/ns/products/

products:XYZ_123
   a ex:Widget ;
   ex:linksWith ex:XYZ_Widgets ;
   rdfs:label "Product XYZ_123" ;
   .
Ontology
A structured set of Attributes and edges between concepts in a named graph
RDF
Resource Description Framework. W3C triples metadata data-model. Often expressed as XML
Turtle
Lightweight syntax for expressing RDF triples (.ttl, .n3 )
TriG
Syntax extension for expressing named graphs in turtle
Microdata
TODO. Markup syntax for expressing structured data.
FOAF
Friend of a Friend RDF ontology
DOAP
Description of a Project RDF ontology
OEMBED
Authoring feature for automatically identifying and linking to resource URLs on sites that support microdata metadata
Linked Data
Data resources linked through the WWW using structured attributes of various ontologies
Linked Open Data

Linked Data shared as Data sets with Open License terms

Examples:

TODO:Cite LODCloud

Education

STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Curriculum
A course or courses of study required for meeting objectives
Theory
TODO
Process
TODO
Knowledge
TODO
Wisdom
TODO

Learning

Online Learning
Learning delivered over web channels
Learning Object

“Any entity, digital or non-digital, that may be used for learning, education, or training” –IEEE 1484.12-1-2002

A learning resource.

Learning Activity
TODO
Learning Assessment
Documenting educational progress
LMS

Learning Management System. An application for creating and delivering courses and training. “Limbs”

Examples:

LCMS
Learning Content Management System. Authoring and publishing workflows to support content for a Learning Management System
ADL
Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative
SCORM
Sharable Content Object Reference Model. Based on XML
CLCIMS
Computer Learning Content Information Management System: SCORM-compliant.
TinCan

TinCAN API

“Next Generation SCORM

Web Hooks for learning activity metrics

LRS

Learning Record Store. A repository for TinCan learning activity records.

Can integrate with an LMS or LCMS

OpenCourseWare
TODO
MOOC

Massive Open Online Course. Large scale distance learning course offered at scale through the WWW

Examples:

  • Coursera
  • EdX
Scalability
TODO

Tools

Browser

An application for retrieving, presenting and traversing web resources like HTML Documents over HTTP.

Responsible for processing JavaScript.

Web Server

Software for handling HTTP requests over the web

Often placed in front of a Web Application Server

Web Application Server

Software service for hosting web applications that serve resources over HTTP APIs as content types like text/html, application/json, text/xml. TODO

Interface Standards:

  • WSGI
  • OSGI
Service

Business Service

TODO

Information Systems

A locally or remotely hosted application for solving part of a process.

API

An API web service.

API

TODO Programming Interface.

An application that responds to a standard set of requests and returns a standard set of responses

Elements:

Repository
A version-controlled folder of file resources
Version Control System

System for storing changesets to a Repository Also Revision Control System (RCS)

Examples:

DVCS

Distributed Version Control System.

Advantages:

  • Branching
  • Tagging
  • Offline

Examples:

Git

Version Control System

Mercurial

Version Control System written in Python

Version Control Service

Hosted Version Control System for storing Repositories

Examples:

Scripting Language

Third generation programming language.

Examples:

JavaScript
A scripting language which can be interpreted client-side in a Browser locally as a script or server-side in a Web Application Server. (.js)
Python
A scripting language which is compiled and/or interpreted locally as a script or server-side in an Web Application Server

Research Tools

Authoring Tools

Authoring Tools

Examples:

Document

TODO. A resource vertex in a resource graph containing textual content often stored in a structured markup language.

Examples:

Markup Language

Textual Markup Language for expressing documents with content and presentation.

Examples:

Text Editor

Examples:

  • vim
  • emacs
  • gedit
  • notepad
  • notepad++
ReStructuredText

A lightweight Markup Language. Also: ReST and RST. (.rst)

Example:

.. header:: Document Header
.. meta::
   :description lang=en: Document Description
   :author: Document Author

.. contents:: Table of Contents
   :depth: 1

Intro
======
.. note: This is a `note directive <note_directive>`_

.. _note_directive: http://docutils.sf.net/

Background
-----------
.. Document Content ...

Glossary
=========
.. glossary::

   ReStructuredText
      A lightweight :term:`Markup Language`
SeeAlso:
LaTeX

Plaintext typesetting Markup Language

Example:

TODO
BibTeX

Language and system for managing Bibliographic References in LaTeX syntax

@techreport{this,
   author      = "Wesley {Turner}",
   title       = "Self-Directed Learning with Online Resources",
   institution = "WRD",
   year        =  2012,
   address     = "Omaha, NE, USA",
}
PDF
Portable Document Format
rst2pdf

ReStructuredText PDF publisher.

Output formats:

Sphinx

RestructuredText documentation publisher.

Output Formats:

Examples:

TODO:cite

Review Tools

UI/UX Design

Interface
TODO
UI
User Interface
UX
User Experience

Cloud

Cloud
TODO
Grid
TODO
Stack
TODO
Distributed Computing
TODO

Collaboration Engineering

Collaboration
working together to create, share, and improve resources
Collaboration Engineering
TODO
Six Patterns of Collaboration
  1. Generate: Fewer to more concepts
  2. Reduce: Many concepts -> focus
  3. Clarify: Less -> More Shared Understanding
  4. Organize:
  5. Evaluate: Less -> More Value Understanding
  6. Build Consensus: Less -> More Willingness to Commit

TODO:Cite

Generate

Fewer to more concepts.

Six Patterns of Collaboration #1

Reduce

Many concepts -> focus

Six Patterns of Collaboration #2

Clarify

Less -> More Shared Understanding

Six Patterns of Collaboration #3

Organize

TODO

Six Patterns of Collaboration #4

Evaluate

Less -> More Value Understanding

Six Patterns of Collaboration #5

Build Consensus

Less -> More Willingness to Commit

Six Patterns of Collaboration #6

Seven Layer Model
  1. Goals
  2. Products
  3. Activities
  4. Patterns
  5. Techniques
  6. Tools
  7. Scripts
Goal
TODO
Product
TODO
Activity
TODO See Learning Activity
Pattern
TODO
Technique
TODO
Tool
TODO
Script
TODO
Comparison Scheme for Collaborative Technology
Core Functionality
TODO
Access Controls
TODO
Alerts/Interrupts
TODO
Content
TODO
Actions

TODO

See also: activities

Synchronicity
TODO
Identifiability
TODO
Relationships
TODO
Persistence
TODO
Creative Process
Problem Identification
TODO
TODO
Idea/Solution Generation
TODO
Idea/Solution Evaluation and Selection
TODO
Implementation Planning
TODO
Goal Attainment Paradigm
  • Understand Problem
  • Develop alternate solutions
  • Evaluate solutions
  • Make choices
  • Make plans
  • Take action
  • Review
Six Sigma
TODO
DMAIC

Six Sigma process

  • Define
  • Measure
  • Analyze
  • Implement
  • Control
Define
TODO
Measure
TODO
Analyze
TODO
Implement
TODO
Control
TODO
Feature Matrix

TODO

Feature:
   Label
   Description
   Value

Choice:
   Label
   Description
   {Version}

Choice-Feature:
   Feature
   Choice
   --
   Score
   Reason
   Reference URIs
   Cost
   Cost URIs

Display Algorithm:
   for f in sorted(features):
      print(feature)
      for c in sorted(choices):
            print(choice_features((feature,choice)))

Note

Categorically enumerated heat map/contour plot with combinatorially optimized feature islands

Note

max-flow algorithms

TODO:cite

Index

Note

These terms are listed in the Index.