Accessibility

Standards

WAI

Name: Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
Homepage: https://www.w3.org/WAI/
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Accessibility_Initiative

W3C WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative) is a group of standards and guidelines for developing accessible web content and applications.

WAI-ARIA

Name: Web Accessibility Initiative Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA)
Homepage: https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php
Spec: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/
Spec: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/complete (as one page)
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAI-ARIA
Dbpedia: http://dbpedia.org/page/WAI-ARIA

.

WCAG

Name: W3C WCAG
Name: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines
Docs: http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag # WCAG Overview

ATAG

Name: W3C ATAG
Name: Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0
Spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG20/

Accessibility support

Things I’ve heard have better than average accessibility support:

Text Editors

Emacspeak

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacspeak
Homepage: http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net/
Src: https://github.com/tvraman/emacspeak
Docs: https://tvraman.github.io/emacspeak/manual/

YUI

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YUI_Library

  • YUI Library is discontinued with maintenance releases in favor of WAI-ARIA, WCAG, HTML 5, and HTML 5.1 standards

Qt

From http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/accessible.html :

[…] Semantic information about user interface elements, such as buttons and scroll bars, is exposed to the assistive technologies. Qt supports Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) and IAccessible2 on Windows, OS X Accessibility on OS X, and AT-SPI via DBus on Unix/X11. The platform specific technologies are abstracted by Qt, so that applications do not need any platform specific changes to work with the different native APIs. Qt tries to make adding accessibility support to your application as easy as possible, only a few changes from your side may be required to allow even more users to enjoy it. […]

Python

  • Emacspeak has support for {, python, IDLE,}

  • IPython / Jupyter

  • IPython in a terminal

  • IPython qtconsole (Qt toolkit)

  • Spyder IDE (Qt toolkit) embeds an IPython console with a Run button and lightweight code completion: https://code.google.com/p/spyderlib/

  • [ ] Jupyter Notebook may / should have WAI-ARIA role tags (which are really easy to add to most templates)

Content Management Systems

Plone

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plone_(software)

From https://plone.org/accessibility-info :

Accessibility This site uses the open source Content Management System Plone. It meets the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG v2.0) level ‘AA’ for people with disabilities, including blindness and low vision, deafness and hearing loss, learning disabilities, cognitive limitations, limited movement, speech disabilities, photosensitivity, and combinations of these.

It is also accessible to content authors with disabilities per the level ‘AA’ Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG 2.0).

Accessibility Statement This site was designed to accommodate the different ways people access and use the Internet.

Validation The site uses assistive technology like WAI-ARIA roles to the current best practices; however, site standards and content vary over time. If this web site does not validate correctly, please contact the Site Administration.

A number of checkpoints in WCAG 2.0 and ATAG 2.0 guidelines are subjective; there may be instances where interpretations vary

Accessible Markup

  • ARIA tags (role, properties

Lightweight Markup Languages:

  • Markdown

  • ReStructuredText

  • {…, Textile, BBCode}

ReStructuredText

  • This document is written in ReStructuredText and post-processed into HTML with Sphinx (and docutils).

  • ReStructuredText .. contents:: directives add a hyperlinked table of contents for the current document.

“Eyestrain, Computers, The 20 -20–20 rule, Light bulb APIs”

BlogPost: https://medium.com/@westurner/the-20-20-20-rule-1fc591155a28
Reformatted here as ReStructuredText.

The 20–20–20 rule:

Every 20 minutes, look at something at least 20 ft (6.09m) away, for at least like 20 seconds.

Computer glasses

(to reduce glare and eyestrain):

  • gaming glasses (e.g. the Gunnar tint and coating (http://www.gunnars.com/faq/) can be found at e.g. Best Buy (where they are known to carry e.g. Gunnar Intercept computer gaming eyewear glasses frames))

  • safety glasses (can often buy in bulk)

  • nosepads (replaceable)

  • nosepads (built-in)

  • glasses measurements (mm)

    • temple measurement

    • vertical/frame height

    • eye_size*2 + bridge size ~= width

Monitor adjustments

(to reduce glare and eyestrain):

  • brightness/contrast

  • lighten the blue channel (*)

  • good monitor stands support vertical tilt

Monitor settings

Tools that gradually modify monitor settings to match the natural solar cycle:

Browser extensions

Browser extensions for modifying style attributes:

  • brightness

  • contrast

  • background

  • text color

  • inverting just the CSS colors

— https://westurner.github.io/tools/#browser-extensions

  • Disadvantages:

    1. These sometimes cause hiccups (easily diagnosable by unchecking the extension(s) and CTRL-R refreshing the current tab)

    2. If the browser colors are inverted AND the whole screen is inverted, there’s probably a less contrasty CSS styleset

System high contrast / color inversion:

{“settings”, “config”, “control panel”} -> { “appearance” , “accessibility” }

Dark window manager themes

  • Windows: WindowBlinds, Win7+

  • Ubuntu 10.04+

  • Gnome 3: [dnf install -y] gnome-tweak-tool > “Appearance” > ”Global dark theme”

  • OSX 10.10 Yosemite “Dark Mode”

[Blue] Light affects sleep (/alertness):

Note

Complementary color lenses filter the opposite wavelength(s); so lellow-ish lenses block blue light. Probably because the ocean sounds.

[I think] red light is easier to accommodate to in the dark.

Lightbulbs

Features for Multicolor LED [Bluetooth] light bulbs:

  • adjustable (spectrum; millions of colors)

  • gradual wake-up alarmable (n min)

  • gradual dim (~30min)

  • API: Continuous Integration build lamp, AV, HVAC

  • Hub / Hubless (1[+] registered mobile)

  • API: Digital (Voice) Assistant

  • API: RESTful JSON[-LD] LDP URIs

  • API: HTTP WAMP sensor swarm

  • (Open Source) Web Interface

  • Phillips Hue (http://meethue.com/en-us/products/)

  • Misfit Bolt (http://misfit.com/products/bolt)

Font Antialiasing

  • System font ”smoothing”; LCD

  • System FXAA full-screen Antialiasing

  • GUI toolkit antialiasing configuration:

    TODO: GIF

Font Size

  • System DPI (dots per inch)

  • System base font size (px pixels)

  • [GTK,Qt,Win] Application font size (px)

  • Browser base font size (before e.g. a reset.css) (px,pt,em)

  • Site CSS font styles (px,pt,em)

Keyboard Shortcuts

  • Increase font size:

    • CTRL + +

    • CTRL + ScrollUp

  • Decrease font size:

    • CTRL + -

    • CTRL + ScrollDown

    • CTRL + Shift + […]